# title.wiki - title.wiki | Title search off the county index

> Send a county and legal description; get a runsheet off the grantor and grantee index with title issues marked, plus a Texas and Louisiana curative reference.

## Overview & Scope
- **Canonical Domain**: https://title.wiki/
- **Contact Email**: hello@title.wiki
- **Phone**: (307) 263-8515
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- **Terms of Use**: https://title.wiki/terms.html
- **Access Policy**: Public browser calculators, checklists, and reference guides on this domain are free and ungated. Tract-specific courthouse deed, probate, unit, or division-order record verification is requested through the site inquiry form.

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- **Canonical FAQ Corpus (7 Q&As)**: https://title.wiki/api/ai/faq.json
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## Pages, Calculators & Guides
- [Duhig Rule and Overconveyance of Minerals in Texas | title.wiki](https://title.wiki/duhig-rule-and-overconveyance-of-minerals-texas): How the Duhig rule works when a Texas warranty deed reserves minerals without accounting for prior reservations, Trial v. Dragon, and curing overconveyances.
- [Grantor-Grantee Index vs Tract Index in Texas | title.wiki](https://title.wiki/grantor-grantee-index-vs-tract-index-texas): A Texas courthouse index is arranged by name, not by land. What the county clerk's index is under the statutes, what it misses, and how a tract index differs.
- [title.wiki | Title search off the county index](https://title.wiki/): Send a county and legal description; get a runsheet off the grantor and grantee index with title issues marked, plus a Texas and Louisiana curative reference.
- [NPRI vs. Mineral Interest in Texas (Altman) | title.wiki](https://title.wiki/non-participating-royalty-interest-npri-vs-mineral-interest): How a Non-Participating Royalty Interest (NPRI) differs from a Mineral Interest under Altman v. Blake, fixed vs. floating NPRIs in Hysaw, and curative steps.
- [Texas Abstract and Survey Legal Descriptions | title.wiki](https://title.wiki/texas-abstract-and-survey-legal-descriptions): How to read a Texas abstract, survey, block, and section legal description (such as H&TC RR Co., T&P RR Co., or Spanish/Mexican leagues and labors).
- [What Is a Mineral Ownership Report (MOR)? | title.wiki](https://title.wiki/what-is-a-mineral-ownership-report-mor): What a Mineral Ownership Report (MOR) contains in Texas and Louisiana oil and gas work, how it builds on a courthouse runsheet.
- [Where Texas Land and Mineral Records Are Kept | title.wiki](https://title.wiki/where-texas-title-records-are-kept): Which Texas office holds which title record: county clerk, General Land Office, Railroad Commission and appraisal district, and what each cannot tell you.

## Key Questions Answered on This Domain
- **Which counties can you search?** (https://title.wiki/)
- **Is a runsheet an attorney's opinion on title?** (https://title.wiki/)
- **How far back do you run it?** (https://title.wiki/)
- **When does a correction instrument do, and when do I need every party to sign?** (https://title.wiki/)
- **How does an old unreleased deed of trust get cured in Texas?** (https://title.wiki/)
- **What counts as use to interrupt prescription on a Louisiana servitude?** (https://title.wiki/)
- **What's the difference between a fixed and a floating NPRI?** (https://title.wiki/)

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## Full Page Summaries & Sections

### Duhig Rule and Overconveyance of Minerals in Texas | title.wiki
- **URL**: https://title.wiki/duhig-rule-and-overconveyance-of-minerals-texas
- **Headline**: Duhig Rule and Overconveyance of Minerals in Texas
- **Summary**: How the Duhig rule works when a Texas warranty deed reserves minerals without accounting for prior reservations, Trial v. Dragon, and curing overconveyances.
- **Sections**: In one paragraph; Worked math of a Duhig overconveyance; When Duhig applies, and when it does not; Trial v. Dragon (2019): after-acquired title vs. independent heirship; How a Duhig question is cured on a runsheet; Sources; Request a search; Contact
  - When a grantor owns only a fraction of the minerals under a tract, conveys "all that certain tract of land" by warranty deed, and reserves a mineral fraction without mentioning the prior outstanding mineral interest, the grant and the reservation cannot both be satisfied. Under Duhig v. Peavy-Moore Lumber Co., the reservation gives way to the warranty to the extent needed to make the grantee whole.
  - Last checked October 13, 2026. General information about Texas deed cases, not legal advice and not an attorney's opinion on title. We are independent landmen, not attorneys.
  - In Duhig v. Peavy-Moore Lumber Co., 144 S.W.2d 878 (Tex. 1940), the grantor owned the surface and $\frac{1}{2}$ of the minerals (the other $\frac{1}{2}$ having been reserved in an earlier deed). She executed a general warranty deed conveying the land and reserved $\frac{1}{2}$ of the minerals without excepting the prior $\frac{1}{2}$ reservation. The Texas Supreme Court held that the deed purported to convey the surface and $\frac{1}{2}$ of the minerals with warranty of title, and that the grantor was estopped from claiming the reserved $\frac{1}{2}$ mineral interest in breach of her own warranty. As a result, the grantee took $\frac{1}{2}$ of the minerals, the prior owner kept $\frac{1}{2}$, and the grantor retained nothing. When a runsheet shows an unexcepted prior mineral reservation followed by a new reservation in a warranty deed, examiners flag a Duhig question and normally require a recorded Stipulation of Interest (Curative Index No. 04).

### Grantor-Grantee Index vs Tract Index in Texas | title.wiki
- **URL**: https://title.wiki/grantor-grantee-index-vs-tract-index-texas
- **Headline**: Grantor-grantee index vs tract index in Texas
- **Summary**: A Texas courthouse index is arranged by name, not by land. What the county clerk's index is under the statutes, what it misses, and how a tract index differs.
- **Sections**: In one paragraph; What the county clerk keeps; How entries are made, and where a search slips; Recorded in the right place, and what recording does; What a deed index search can miss; What a tract index is; Side by side; The sample runsheet, again
  - A Texas courthouse index is arranged by name. You look up the people named in an instrument, and the index points you to it. An entry can carry a brief description of the property, but the index is not arranged by land. The search method on this site follows from that, and so do its limits.
  - Last checked September 29, 2026. General information about Texas records, not legal advice and not an attorney's opinion on title. We are independent landmen, not attorneys.
  - In Texas the county clerk keeps the real property index by party name. Local Government Code § 193.003 calls for an alphabetical cross-index of grantors and grantees, and a clerk who sorts instruments into the classes in § 193.008 indexes each class alphabetically under the parties' names instead. Either way, you find land by finding names. A tract index is arranged by the land. The land indexes of an abstract plant, as the Texas title insurance rules describe one, are arranged by lot and block, or by survey or section number, and the plant must cover a period beginning no later than January 1, 1979. Neither index shows an instrument that was never recorded, and a recorded deed can refer to an agreement the index never lists.

### title.wiki | Title search off the county index
- **URL**: https://title.wiki/
- **Headline**: Title search off the county index, tract by tract.
- **Summary**: Send a county and legal description; get a runsheet off the grantor and grantee index with title issues marked, plus a Texas and Louisiana curative reference.
- **Sections**: What a search sends back; Running the chain; Request a search; The wiki; Contact; Entity; Sister sites; Related sites
  - Send a county and a legal description. We search the grantor and grantee index, run the chain, and send back a runsheet with the title issues marked. We are also building self-serve search; tell us your county and we'll write when it's ready.
  - The request form needs JavaScript. To send a request, call (307) 263-8515 or email hello@title.wiki with the county and the legal description.
  - Next comes your name and email. Nothing is sent until you press Send. Rather call? (307) 263-8515.

### NPRI vs. Mineral Interest in Texas (Altman) | title.wiki
- **URL**: https://title.wiki/non-participating-royalty-interest-npri-vs-mineral-interest
- **Headline**: Non-Participating Royalty Interest (NPRI) vs. Mineral Interest in Texas
- **Summary**: How a Non-Participating Royalty Interest (NPRI) differs from a Mineral Interest under Altman v. Blake, fixed vs. floating NPRIs in Hysaw, and curative steps.
- **Sections**: In one paragraph; The five attributes of a Texas mineral estate; Fixed vs. floating NPRIs and how the math changes; Double fractions, Hysaw v. Dawkins, and Van Dyke v. Navigator; Executive duty and pooling an NPRI; Sources; Request a search; Contact
  - Guide · Texas · Mineral & royalty deeds
  - A Texas mineral estate carries five distinct attributes under Altman v. Blake. A full Mineral Interest (MI) holds all five; a Non-Participating Royalty Interest (NPRI) holds only the right to receive a share of production free of production costs, without the right to lease or collect bonus and delay rentals.
  - Last checked October 13, 2026. General information about Texas mineral and royalty deeds, not legal advice and not an attorney's opinion on title. We are independent landmen, not attorneys.

### Texas Abstract and Survey Legal Descriptions | title.wiki
- **URL**: https://title.wiki/texas-abstract-and-survey-legal-descriptions
- **Headline**: Texas Abstract and Survey Legal Descriptions
- **Summary**: How to read a Texas abstract, survey, block, and section legal description (such as H&TC RR Co., T&P RR Co., or Spanish/Mexican leagues and labors).
- **Sections**: In one paragraph; The parts of a Texas rural legal description; Railroad blocks, odd/even sections, and school land; Spanish and Texas land measurements (varas, labors, leagues); Statute of Frauds and description defects on a runsheet; Sources; Request a search; Contact
  - Texas is not a federal Public Land Survey System (PLSS) state. Because the Republic of Texas kept its public domain when it joined the Union in 1845, rural land and mineral descriptions in Texas are built on original sovereign land grants indexed by the Texas General Land Office (GLO) with a unique per-county Abstract Number.
  - Last checked October 13, 2026. General information about Texas land descriptions, not legal advice and not an attorney's opinion on title. We are independent landmen, not attorneys.
  - Every original land grant in a Texas county carries a unique Abstract Number (written A-123 or Abstract No. 123) assigned by the Texas General Land Office (GLO). In Central, East, and South Texas, an original grant is usually a Spanish or Mexican league/labor or a Republic headright named after the original grantee (for example, John Roe Survey, A-412), and smaller tracts inside it are described by metes and bounds in varas or feet. In West Texas and the Panhandle, the state granted alternating 640-acre sections in numbered blocks to railroad companies and the Permanent School Fund (for example, Section 12, Block 7, H&GN RR Co. Survey, A-804). Because two sections in the same block can share the same survey name, the GLO Abstract Number is the single unambiguous identifier for the original grant inside a county.

### What Is a Mineral Ownership Report (MOR)? | title.wiki
- **URL**: https://title.wiki/what-is-a-mineral-ownership-report-mor
- **Headline**: What Is a Mineral Ownership Report (MOR)?
- **Summary**: What a Mineral Ownership Report (MOR) contains in Texas and Louisiana oil and gas work, how it builds on a courthouse runsheet.
- **Sections**: In one paragraph; Runsheet vs. MOR vs. attorney's opinion on title; What a complete MOR package contains; How mineral, NPRI, and leasehold decimals reconcile; How unprobated estates and deed ambiguities are noted; Sources; Request a search; Contact
  - Guide · Title deliverables · Runsheets & MORs
  - A runsheet lists every recorded instrument in the chain in chronological order. A Mineral Ownership Report (MOR) takes the next step: a landman reads the deeds, reservations, probate files, and oil and gas leases on the runsheet and tabulates the apparent surface, mineral, royalty, leasehold, and working interest owners on the tract with their fractional and decimal shares.
  - Last checked October 13, 2026. General information about landwork deliverables, not legal advice and not an attorney's opinion on title. We are independent landmen, not attorneys.

### Where Texas Land and Mineral Records Are Kept | title.wiki
- **URL**: https://title.wiki/where-texas-title-records-are-kept
- **Headline**: Where Texas land and mineral records are kept
- **Summary**: Which Texas office holds which title record: county clerk, General Land Office, Railroad Commission and appraisal district, and what each cannot tell you.
- **Sections**: In one paragraph; Quick map; County clerk; Probate and the courts; General Land Office; Railroad Commission of Texas; Appraisal district; One tract across the offices
  - Land title in Texas is spread across a few offices, and none of them holds the whole answer. This page maps a question to the office, the record book or database, and what that record cannot tell you.
  - Last checked September 29, 2026. General information about Texas records, not legal advice and not an attorney's opinion on title. We are independent landmen, not attorneys.
  - The recorded chain is at the county clerk: deeds, oil and gas leases, releases, plats and the other instruments recorded against the land. Where the county clerk serves as clerk of the county court, the clerk also keeps probate files. The General Land Office holds the land grant archive. The Railroad Commission of Texas reports wells, permits, operators and production. The county appraisal district keeps the appraisal records, which list the owner's name, or say it is unknown. The Railroad Commission says its online data is not an authoritative public record, and a mistake in an owner's name does not affect the validity of the appraisal records (Tax Code § 25.02(b)). Treat those two as places to start a search or check a fact, then run the chain in the county records.

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## Complete FAQ Reference

### Q: Which counties can you search?
A: We haven't published a coverage list, and self-serve search isn't open yet. Send the county and we'll tell you whether we can run it and on what terms.
Source: https://title.wiki/

### Q: Is a runsheet an attorney's opinion on title?
A: No. A runsheet is the record chain with a landman's comments. A legal opinion on title is an attorney's work. We're independent landmen, not attorneys, and we work alongside your examiner.
Source: https://title.wiki/

### Q: How far back do you run it?
A: As far as the job needs. Back to patent for a full mineral chain; a bring-down from a date or instrument you name for a lease check or an update. The scope note says where we started and where we stopped.
Source: https://title.wiki/

### Q: When does a correction instrument do, and when do I need every party to sign?
A: Under Tex. Prop. Code § 5.028, a nonmaterial error (a misspelled name, a wrong recording reference, an obvious typo) can be fixed by a correction instrument from a person with personal knowledge of the facts. A material change, like a different fraction, an added party or a moved boundary, needs a correction instrument signed by every original party or their heirs (§ 5.029).
Source: https://title.wiki/

### Q: How does an old unreleased deed of trust get cured in Texas?
A: Under Tex. Civ. Prac. & Rem. Code § 16.035 the lien is void four years after the last installment matures, unless a recorded extension keeps it alive (§ 16.036). The examiner has to see that date and look for an extension. If the DT doesn't state a maturity and nothing else of record shows it, expect a requirement for a release.
Source: https://title.wiki/

### Q: What counts as use to interrupt prescription on a Louisiana servitude?
A: Good-faith operations for the discovery and production of minerals interrupt prescription (La. R.S. 31:29). Under La. R.S. 31:30, the interruption takes effect the day actual drilling begins, and a new ten years runs from the last day actual drilling operations were conducted.
Source: https://title.wiki/

### Q: What's the difference between a fixed and a floating NPRI?
A: A fixed NPRI is a set share of production, like 1/16 of all oil and gas, whatever the lease royalty. A floating NPRI is a share of whatever royalty a future lease sets, like 1/2 of the royalty. The words of the reservation decide which, read as a whole ( Hysaw v. Dawkins ).
Source: https://title.wiki/